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Milan Obrenović (August 22, 1854–February 11, 1901) was a Serbian monarch reigning as Prince Milan IV of Serbia from 1868 to 1882 and King Milan I of Serbia from 1882 to 1889. more...
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Early years
Milan Obrenović IV was born in exile in Manasija (Mărăşeşti, Wallachia) during a period of the Karađorđević rule in Serbia which began in 1842 with the deposition of Milan's cousin Prince Mihailo (Michael) Obrenović. He was the son of Miloš (1829-1861) and Maria Katargi from Moldavia. Milan's father, Miloš, was the son of Jevrem, the brother of famous Serb Prince, Miloš Obrenović. Milan was therefore prince Miloš's grand-nephew. At an early age Milan lost both his parents. He was subsequently adopted by his cousin, Prince Mihailo.
After the expulsion of the House of Karađorđević in 1858, Michael Obrenović returned to Serbia. Michael became ruling prince of Serbia in 1861, when his father, Miloš, died. During the reign of Mihailo, young Milan was educated at the Lycée Louis le Grand in Paris. There he displayed considerable maturity.
In 1868, when Milan was only fourteen years of age, Prince Mihailo was assassinated. Milan succeeded Mihailo to the throne under a regency. In 1872, Milan was declared of age, and he took government into his own hands. He soon manifested great intellectual power, coupled with a passionate headstrong character. Eugene Schuyler, who saw him about this time, found him a very remarkable, singularly intelligent and well-informed young man.
Milan carefully balanced the Austrian and Russian parties in Serbia, with a judicious leaning towards Austria-Hungary. At the end of the Russo-Turkish War, 1877–1878, Prince Milan induced the Porte to acknowledge his independence in the Treaty of Berlin.
King Milan I
In 1882, Milan was proclaimed King of Serbia.
Acting under Austrian influence, King Milan devoted all his energies to the improvement of the means of communication and the development of natural resources. However, the cost of this, unduly increased by reckless extravagance, led to disproportionately heavy taxation. This, coupled with increased military service, rendered King Milan and the Austrian party unpopular.
Milan's political troubles were further increased by the defeat of the Serbians in the war against Bulgaria from 1885–1886. In September 1885, the union of Eastern Rumelia and Bulgaria caused widespread agitation in Serbia. Milan promptly declared war upon the new Bulgarian state on November 15. After a short, decisive campaign, the Serbs were utterly routed at the battles of Slivnitsa and Pirot. Milan's throne was only saved by the direct intervention of Austria-Hungary. Domestic difficulties now arose which rapidly assumed political significance.
Read more at Wikipedia.org
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