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Old Style (or OS) and New Style (or NS) is used in English language historical studies either to indicate that the start of the Julian year has been adjusted to start on 1 January (NS) even though contemporary documents use a different start of year (OS); or to indicate that a date conforms to the Julian calendar (OS), formerly in use in many countries, rather than the Gregorian calendar (NS). In Great Britain and the British colonies the change of start of the year and the change over from the Julian calendar occurred in 1752 and was enabled by the Calendar (New Style) Act 1750.
Many other cultures have also changed their calendar system to adopt Common Era dating and thus have old and new styles of dating: these are discussed briefly later in the article.
Differences between the start of the year
When recording British history it is usual to use the dates recorded at the time of the event with the year adjusted to the start on the 1 January. So for example the Battle of Hastings is universally known to have been fought on 14 October 1066. But the start of the Julian year was not always 1 January and was altered at different times in different countries.
From the 12th century to 1752 the civil or legal year in England began on 25 March (Lady Day), so for example the execution of Charles I was recorded at the time in Parliament as happening on 30 January 1648 (Old Style). In modern English language texts this date is usually recorded as \"30 January 1649\" (New Style). A full conversion of the date into the Gregorian calendar is 9 February 1649, the date by which his contemporaries in some parts of continental Europe would have recorded his execution.
The OS/NS designation is particularly relevant for dates which fall between the start of the modern year (1 January) and the start of the contemporary year, which was 25 March in England up and until 1752 (see Julian year article).
During the transition years between the first introduction of the Gregorian calendar on continental Europe and its introduction in Britain, contemporary usage in England started to change. In Britain 1 January was celebrated as the New Year festival, but the \"year starting 25th March was called the Civil or Legal Year, although the phrase Old Style was more commonly used.\" To reduce misunderstandings on the date, it was not uncommon in parish registers for a new year heading after 24 March for example 1661 had another heading at the end of the following December indicating \"1661/62\". This was to explain to the reader that the year was 1661 Old Style and 1662 New Style.
Read more at Wikipedia.org
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