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Retroactive Line
Retroactive continuity or retcon is the deliberate changing of previously established facts in a work of serial fiction. The change itself is referred to as a \"retcon\", and the act of writing and publishing a retcon is called \"retconning\". more...
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Retcons are common in comic books, especially those of large, long-established publishing houses such as Marvel Comics and DC Comics, because of the lengthy history of many series and the number of independent authors contributing to their development; this is the context in which the term was coined. Retconning also occurs in soap operas, movie sequels, professional wrestling, video games, radio series, series of novels, and can be done in any other type of episodic fiction. It is also used in roleplaying, when the game master feels it is needed to maintain consistency in the story or to fix significant mistakes that were missed during play, often under the synonymous (in this context) term \"reality shift\".
Origins of the term
The first printed instance of the phrase \"retroactive continuity\" is in All-Star Squadron #18 (cover-dated February 1983) from DC Comics. The series was set on DC's Earth-Two, an alternative universe in which Golden-Aged comic characters proceeded and aged from their first appearance in real time. Thus by the early 1980's Superman was in his 60s and Batman had died and been replaced by his daughter, The Huntress, whereas on Earth-1, DC's primary universe, these characters are always perpetually young to early middle-aged adults. All-Star Squadron was in particular set during World War II on Earth-2, so it was in the past of an alternate universe, thus all its events had repercussions on the contemporary continuity of the DC multiverse. Each issue literally changed the history of the fictional world in which it was set.
In the letters column, a reader remarked that the comic \"must make you feel at times as if you're painting yourself into a corner,\" and that \"Your matching of Golden-Age comics history with new plotlines has been an artistic (and I hope financial!) success.\" Roy Thomas responded, \"we like to think that an enthusiastic ALL-STAR booster at one of Adam Malin's Creation Conventions in San Diego came up with the best name for it, a few months back: 'Retroactive Continuity.' Has kind of a ring to it, don't you think?\" The term, possibly in limited use before All-Star Squadron #18, then took firm root in the consciousness of fans of American superhero comics.
\"Retroactive continuity\" was shortened to \"retcon\", reportedly by Damian Cugley in 1988 on USENET. Hard evidence of Cugley's abbreviation have yet to surface, though in a USENET posting on August 18th, 1990, Cugley posted a reply in which he identified himself as '... the originator of the word \"retcon\"'. Cugley used the newly-shortened word to describe a development in the comic book Saga of the Swamp Thing, which reinterprets the events of the title character's origin by revealing facts that, up to that point, are not part of the narrative. In this case, the revelation is that the titular character's memories are false and he is not who he thinks he is. Alan Moore's retcons often involve false memories, for example Marvelman (aka Miracleman in America), and Batman: The Killing Joke.
Read more at Wikipedia.org
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